Category Archives: History

Today in ERISA History

Nov. 13, 1981 – The Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982 (TEFRA) was introduced in the U.S. House of Representatives by Rep. Pete Stark (CA) as H.R. 4961.

TEFRA was signed into law by President Ronald Reagan on Sept. 3, 1982, becoming Public Law 97-248.

TEFRA modified some of the changes made by the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 (ERTA), which had dramatically lowered income tax rate from a maximum rate of 96% to a maximum rate of 50%. Concerned that such a dramatic reduction in the tax rates would cause large budget deficits, TEFRA was passed to alleviate some of ERTA’s impact by increasing the tax received by the federal government through removing tax deductions and not increasing tax rates.

TEFRA made a number of changes to qualified plans, including adding limits on contributions and benefits, loans to participants, retirement savings for church employees, contributions for disabled employees, partial rollovers for IRA distributions, and new recordkeeping requirements.

TEFRA was incorporated into plan documents as the TEFRA/DEFRA/REA generation of plan documents, which came before the TRA’86 generation of plan document. If you search the current generation of plan documents, the EGTRRA plan documents, you will find a paragraph specifically referencing TEFRA.

Today in ERISA History

Oct. 8, 2008 – The Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 (EESA), public law 110-343, is signed into law by President George W. Bush. EESA contained a number of provisions, including creating the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) and the Paul Wellstone and Pete Domenici Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act of 2008 (MHPAEA).

MHPAEA amended ERISA section 712 to require that if a group health plan, or health insurance coverage offered in connection with a group health plan, offered coverage for mental health and substance abuse, the coverage must be equal for psychological disorders, alcoholism, and drug addiction. This change was emphasized by MPAEA changing the term “mental health benefits” to “mental health and substance disorder benefits” everywhere in the Code where “mental health benefits” had previously appeared.

MHPAEA was generally effective one year after the enactment date, which meant that it was effective for plan years beginning on or after Oct. 3, 2009. For calendar year plans, this meant MHPAEA was effective for plan years beginning Jan. 1, 2010.

Today in ERISA History

Sept. 27, 2007 – The IRS issues Quality Assurance Bulletin FY 2007-2 on the EGTRRA Staggered Remedial Amendment Period and Remedial Amendment Cycle for Individually Designed Plans. In 12 pages, it explains the remedial amendment cycles established by Rev. Proc. 2005-66 for individually designed plans as they were changed by Rev. Proc. 2007-44.

Rev. Proc. 2005-66 was issued by the IRS on Sept. 12, 2005. It created different remedial amendment cycles for pre-approved and individually designed plan document, essentially splitting the plan document world in two. According to Rev. Proc. 2005-66, pre-approved plans, which have reliance on a valid IRS opinion/advisory letter, follow a 6-year restatement cycle whose beginning and ending dates would be established by the IRS at a future date, and all other plans, which are considered individually designed because they lack a valid IRS opinion/advisory letter, follow a 5-year restatement cycle based on the last digit of the sponsoring employer’s Employer Identification Number (EIN).

On July 5, 2006, the IRS issued Quality Assurance Bulletin 2006-2 explaining how the remedial amendment cycles created by Rev. Proc. 2005-66 would work.

On July 9, 2007, the IRS issued Rev. Proc. 2007-44, which revised and superseded Rev. Proc. 2005-66.

On Sept. 27, 2007, the IRS then issued Quality Assurance Bulletin 2007-2, explaining how Rev. Proc. 2007-44 changed the remedial amendment cycles established by Rev. Proc. 2005-66, and superseding QAB 2006-2.

QAB 2007-2 contains a number of helpful charts for understanding the remedial amendment cycles for individually designed plans, including a chart which contains the exceptions to using the last digit of the sponsoring employer’s EIN to establish the Rev. Proc. 2007-44 remedial amendment cycle.

One of the explanations of Rev. Proc. 2007-44 contained in QAB 2007-2 is about terminating plans. QAB 2007-2 states:

For plan terminations the RAC will generally be shortened. Thus, any retroactive remedial plan amendments or other required amendments for a terminating plan must be adopted in connection with the plan termination. This will include plan amendments required to be adopted to reflect qualification requirements that apply as of the date of termination regardless of whether such requirements are included on the most recently published CL. An application will be deemed to be filed in connection with the plan termination if it is filed no later than the later of:

  • One year from the effective date of termination or
  • One year from the date on which the action terminating the plan is adopted

In no event can the application be filed later than 12 months from the date of distribution of substantially all plan assets.

Today in ERISA History

Sept. 4, 2009 – The Dept. of Labor issues proposed regulations on Civil Penalties under ERISA section 502(c)(8). ERISA section 502(c)(8) was added by the Pension Protection Act of 2006. It grants authority to the Secretary of Labor to assess civil penalties not to exceed $1,100 per day against any plan sponsor of a multiemployer plan for violating certain sections of ERISA section 305 and Internal Revenue Code section 432. ERISA section 3(37) defines multiemployer plans as plans to which more than one employer contributes and are maintained pursuant to one or more collective bargaining agreements.

ERISA section 305 sets forth time frames in which the plan sponsor of a multiemployer plan must notify participants, beneficiaries, and the bargaining parties, along with the PBGC and Secretary of Labor about the critical or endangered status of the plan.

These regulations explain how the maximum penalty amounts are computed, identifies the circumstances under which a penalty must be assessed, sets forth certain procedural rules for service by the DOL and filing by a plan sponsor, and provides a plan sponsor a means to contest an assessment by the DOL by requesting an administrative hearing.

The DOL received one comment about these proposed regulations, and they were finalized on Feb. 26, 2010. The final regulations on Civil Penalties under ERISA section 502(c)(8) were effective on March 29, 2010.

Today in ERISA History

Aug. 27, 1976DOL Advisory Opinion 76-1 is published in the Federal Register and becomes effective. In Advisory Opinion 76-1, the Dept. of Labor states the procedures which must be followed when requesting an Advisory Opinion. It is still cited at the bottom of each Advisory Opinion the DOL issues. For example, Advisory Opinion 2012-05A, issued on July 20, 2012, says:

“This letter constitutes an advisory opinion under ERISA Procedure 76-1, 41 Fed. Reg. 36281 (1976). Accordingly, this letter is issued subject to the provisions of that procedure, including section 10 thereof, relating to the effect of advisory opinions.”

It also states the sections of ERISA for which the DOL will not issue an Advisory Opinion.

Today in ERISA History

Aug. 23, 1984 – The Retirement Equity Act of 1984 (REA), Pub. L. 98-397, is signed into law by President Ronald Reagan. REA made a number of significant changes which have become a part of our daily plan language, including QDROs, QJSA, and Code secton 417.

President Reagan’s statement when signing REA included these comments:

“Existing pension rules, when originally enacted, did not fully anticipate the dual roles many women have come to play as both members of the paid labor force and as wives and mothers during periods of full-time work in the home. Provisions in many pension plans now operate in ways that fail to recognize paid work performed by women at certain periods in their lives and penalize them for time spent in childrearing. To address this inequity, the Retirement Equity Act lowers the age limits on participation and vesting, permitting more pension credits to be earned during the early working years when women are most likely to be employed. The legislation also eases break-in-service rules so that parents who bear children and stay home to care for them in the early years will no longer lose the pension credits they previously earned while working.

The Retirement Equity Act also clarifies that each person in a marriage has a right to benefit from the other’s pension. No longer will one member of a married couple be able to sign away survivor benefits for the other. A spouse’s written consent now will be required on any decision not to provide survivors’ protection. The legislation also helps assure that when a vested employee dies before retirement, the employee’s surviving spouse will benefit from the pension credits the employee has earned, and it restricts considerably the latitude now allowed pension plans to impose additional conditions on survivors’ benefits. Survivors’ benefits will be paid automatically in more instances than now. In addition, the bill makes it clear that State courts can allocate pension rights in divorce cases and other domestic relations settlements.”

The Internal Revenue Manual also contains a summary of REA and its impact on qualified plans.

Today in ERISA History

Aug. 22, 1974 – The Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA), Pub. L. 93-406, passes the Senate by a vote of 85 to zero. It is signed into law by President Gerald Ford on Sept. 2, 1974.

ERISA was introduced in the U.S. House of Representatives on Jan. 3, 1973 by Rep. John Herman Dent (PA-21). It passed the House on Feb. 28, 1974 by a vote of 376-4. It then passed the Senate on March 4, 1974. Due to differences between the House and Senate versions, ERISA went to a joint conference committee, which worked out the differences and sent it back for a vote on Aug. 12, 1974. The House voted 407-2 on Aug. 20, 1974, and the Senate voted on Aug. 22, 1974.

The two Congressmen that voted “Nay” on Aug. 20, 1974 were Earl Landgrebe (IN-2) and James Collins (TX-3). Congressman Landgrebe lost his bid for re-election in November of 1974.

Today in ERISA History

Aug. 21, 1996 – The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), Pub. L. 104-191, was signed into law by President Bill Clinton.

HIPAA was 168 pages long, and added Part 7 on Group Health Plan Portability, Access, and Renewability Requirements to ERISA.

HIPAA was introduced in the House of Representatives on March 18, 1996 by Rep. Bill Archer (TX-7).

Today in ERISA History

Aug. 20, 1996 – President Bill Clinton signs the Small Business Job Protection Act of 1996, Pub. L. 104-188. It made a number of significant changes to qualified plans, such as creating the SIMPLE 401(k) plan, repealing the family aggregation rules that were contained in Code section 414(q)(6), shorting the 10-year vesting period to 5 years, and adding alternative ways of satisfying Code section 401(k) nondiscrimination tests which created the current generation safe harbor 401(k) plans.

For those of you who like plan document trivia, the Small Business Job Protection Act of 1996 is the “S” in GUST.

President Clinton made a short speech when he signed SBJPA.

Today in ERISA History

Aug. 14, 1935 – The Social Security Act, Pub. L. 7-271, 49 Stat. 620, is signed into law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt.